Queens' College and the 'Province of Freedom'
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This pamphlet, written in 1806 by the free Black American sailor, Potter Jackson, is a harrowing account of his treatment at the hands of Captain Thomas Livesley, during a voyage from Kingston, Jamaica to Liverpool in 1805. After falsely accusing Jackson of stealing alcohol, Livesley tortured Jackson for over a month. As well as being frequently whipped, he was imprisoned in the irons used to constrain enslaved persons on the ship. Jackson was very nearly killed, but he managed to escape in Liverpool, at which point he successfully sued Livesley for £500. However, Livesley avoided both the trial and the fine by fleeing the country on another voyage. The emotive engraving provides legible evidence of Livesley’s atrocities, and the proceeds of this pamphlet were intended to save the now disabled Jackson from destitution. Bequeathed by Isaac Milner, the presence of this pamphlet in Queens’ Library (the only copy now extant in the UK), demonstrates the ways in which the violent excesses of the institution of slavery were communicated in Britain.
Author: Potter Jackson
Title: The remarkable case of Potter Jackson (London, 1806)
Shelfmark: P.477(8)
Provenance: Bequest of Isaac Milner (Queens’ m. 1770).
![Led by well-to-do abolitionists such as William Wilberforce and his brother-in-law, James Stephen, the African Institution was supported by many evangelically minded Queens’ members, either as subscribers or in leading roles. Founded in 1807 immediately following Britain’s abolition of slavery, the African Institution was eager to promote ‘civilisation and happiness’ as a means to ‘repair’ ‘those enormous wrongs which the natives of Africa’ had suffered. Their belief that the spread of Anglican Christianity to all Africans would improve their morals was accompanied by a similarly paternalistic worldview that invoked the ‘business of civilization’ as the means to ‘cure’ the disease of ‘indolence’ which, they argued, afflicted ‘all uncivilized people’. They proposed that the diffusion of ‘useful knowledge’ in Africa would enable ‘natives’ to become ‘industrious’ and hardworking. Greater awareness in Britain, they believed, of Africa’s ‘agricultural and commercial faculties’ would awaken for that continent the prospect of ‘legitimate’ commerce that would bring to an end the international trade in enslaved people.
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<b>Title:</b><i> Fifth[-Sixth] report of the directors of the African Institution</i> (London, 1811-12)<br>
<b>Shelfmark:</b> C.27.31<br>
<b>Provenance:</b> Donated by Thomas Harrison (Queens’ m. 1797).](https://photos.smugmug.com/Exhibitions/Enslavement-Salvation/Queens-College-Province-of-Freedom/i-HTdMbGn/0/2af42537/Ti/C-027-031-001-2-Ti.jpg)
![List of subscribers to the African Institution in the year 1811. Many Queens' members subscribed to the African Institution, including <a href="https://www.queensoldlibrary.org/Exhibitions/Enslavement-Salvation/Thomas-Perronet-Thompson"><u>Thomas Perronet Thompson</u></a>
as shown here.
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<b>Title:</b><i> Fifth[-Sixth] report of the directors of the African Institution</i> (London, 1811-12)<br>
<b>Shelfmark:</b> C.27.31<br>
<b>Provenance:</b> Donated by Thomas Harrison (Queens’ m. 1797).](https://photos.smugmug.com/Exhibitions/Enslavement-Salvation/Queens-College-Province-of-Freedom/i-sPJmZS5/0/1dc3d69b/Ti/C-027-031-002-2-Ti.jpg)
![Read the full letter <a href="https://repository.duke.edu/dc/wilberf/wwpst020015"><u>here</u></a>.<br><br>
A free Black American sea captain from Massachusetts named Paul Cuffe seemed to be the ideal enabler for the African Institution’s project to resettle former slaves in Sierra Leone. Cuffe had petitioned the British governor of Sierra Leone to provide opportunities for farming and fishing that would ‘encourage’ Black Americans to relocate to the colony. Cuffe was invited to London to meet with William Wilberforce and the African Institution who felt strongly that the ‘opportunity for promoting the civilization of Africa, through the means of Paul Cuffe should not be lost’. Written by Wilberforce against the backdrop of hostilities with America in 1813, this letter to Thomas Harrison (Queens’ m. 1797) emphasises Wilberforce’s wish to acquire for Cuffe a government license to ‘secure [his cargo] against Capture, so that we may obtain P. Cuffe for Sierra Leone if Ministers will permit.’ In the years prior to his death in 1817, Cuffe transported just ten black families from America to Sierra Leone, before becoming concerned that many in America saw the scheme merely as a means to remove free Black people from American society.
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<b>Title:</b> Letter from William Wilberforce to Thomas Harrison, 5 August 1813<br>
<b>Source:</b> Wilberforce Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University<br><br>](https://photos.smugmug.com/Exhibitions/Enslavement-Salvation/Queens-College-Province-of-Freedom/i-hCbmBF7/0/5385be83/Ti/Correspondence%201813%20-%2015%20p.4-Ti.jpg)
